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A model of cascading failure in a stack of batteries that requires less computational more » time than a fully resolved system model would be valuable to battery pack designers, fire protection engineers looking at hazards, and researchers developing kinetic and thermal models. When multiple batteries are packed close to one another such as in an energy storage system or electric vehicle, a thermal runaway event in a single can lead to a cascading failure that propagates through neighboring cells. This event can be hazardous to nearby humans, flammable materials, and other batteries. However, in the event of a damaging accident, battery misuse, or manufacturing defect a battery can go in to thermal runaway. Lithium ion battery technology presents a great opportunity for addressing the need for energy storage. During a thermal runaway event, it is found interfacial thermal resistance can mitigate thermal runaway in a battery module by significantly reducing heat transfer between cells. Benefits of a battery module using thermal management materials are quantified through numerical experiments. The model is built upon a multi-scale multi-domain modeling framework for battery packs that accounts for the interplay across multiple physical phenomena. To investigate the effects of interfacial thermal transport beyond individual cell level, a multiphysics battery model is used.
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The difference is primarily caused by interfacial thermal more » resistance so that it can be estimated by steady-state and transient measurements. Results show flash diffusivity method gives higher thermal conductivity at both cross-plane and in-plane directions. The steady-state absolute method and the transient laser-flash-diffusivity method were employed to measure heat conductivities of battery layer stacks and individual battery layer separately. One of the key challenges is that interfacial heat transfer of a battery unit is difficult to quantify. Therefore, it is essential to understand heat generation and dissipation within individual battery cells and battery packs to plan a proper thermal management strategy. Temperature critically affects the performance, life and safety of lithium-ion batteries. This delay is described with two new parameters in the form of gap-crossing and cell-crossing time to grade the propensity of propagation from cell to cell. A propagating failure of even a small pack may stretch over several minutes including delays as each cell is heated to the point of thermal runaway. Results show significant delays between thermal runaway in adjacent cells, which are analyzed to determine intercell contact resistances and to assess how much heat energy is transmitted to cells before they undergo thermal runaway. These propagation limits are correlated with the stored energy density. Reduced states of charge and metal plates both reduce the energy stored relative to the heat capacity, and the results show how cascading propagation may be slowed and mitigated more » as this varies. The prevention of cascading propagation is explored on cells with reduced states of charge and stacks with metal plates between cells. This work examines the response of modules of stacked pouch cells after thermal runaway is induced in a single cell. The heat generated during a single cell failure within a high energy battery system can force adjacent cells into thermal runaway, creating a cascading propagation effect through the entire system. It is proved and validated that the side cooling topology with a 5 m/s air velocity and a 5 mm spacing between cells is the optimum design.= , The simulation results are validated with experimental results showing an acceptable error of less than 2 ☌. Then, different operating and design parameters including inlet air speed, inter-cell spacing, and the airflow direction are studied comprehensively. Pertaining to the versatility of the detailed model, an air-cooled thermal management system is designed considering different topologies.
#Comsol 5.1 lithium ion battery module software#
In this study, a detailed three-dimensional thermal model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software at cell and module level. Nonetheless, in order to design a proper thermal management system, dedicated thermal modelling development is an essential task. However, for this kind of applications, a thermal management system is crucial to ensure thermal stability and a long lifespan. Lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) has emerged as a promising technology for high power applications due to the solution offered by its power density, higher-voltage operation than super-capacitor (SC), and their excellent durability (more than 2 million cycles).